@article{uchechukwu_opara_low-carbon_2023,
	title = {Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement ({MKPC}) binder comprising caustic calcined magnesia and potassium hydroxide activated biochar from softwood technical lignin},
	volume = {398},
	issn = {0950-0618},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061823021918},
	doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132475},
	abstract = {Biochar augmentation in cementitious materials is attractive for enhancing the products' mechanical properties and improving sustainability. Softwood technical lignin biochar (5 wt-\%) was used to augment MKPC as a replacement material, with increased surface area through KOH activation. Hard-burned (1000 °C) MgO was used as precursor. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed “struvite-K” as the primary component of the MKPC materials. MKPC materials including the 2-hour KOH-activated biochar showed the lowest porosity, highest strength and stiffness. Replacing MKPC with KOH-activated biochar can increase strength properties and reduce MKPC binder usage, providing a sustainable approach for precast applications.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-07-19},
	journal = {Construction and Building Materials},
	author = {Uchechukwu Opara, Emmanuel Uchechukwu and Karthäuser, Johannes and Köhler, Robert and Kowald, Torsten and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},
	month = sep,
	year = {2023},
	keywords = {Biochar Augmented Cement, Caustic Calcined Magnesia, Low-carbon cement, Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement, Sustainable Construction},
	pages = {132475},
	file = {Opara et al. - 2023 - Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement (M.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\A9YWI9GE\\Opara et al. - 2023 - Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement (M.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Biochar augmentation in cementitious materials is attractive for enhancing the products' mechanical properties and improving sustainability. Softwood technical lignin biochar (5 wt-%) was used to augment MKPC as a replacement material, with increased surface area through KOH activation. Hard-burned (1000 °C) MgO was used as precursor. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed “struvite-K” as the primary component of the MKPC materials. MKPC materials including the 2-hour KOH-activated biochar showed the lowest porosity, highest strength and stiffness. Replacing MKPC with KOH-activated biochar can increase strength properties and reduce MKPC binder usage, providing a sustainable approach for precast applications.

@article{milks_double-pointed_2023,
	title = {A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from {Schöningen}, {Germany}: {Results} and new insights from a multianalytical study},
	volume = {18},
	doi = {doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287719},
	number = {7},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	author = {Milks, Annemieke and Lehmann, Jens and Leder, Dirk and Sietz, Michael and Koddenberg, Tim and Böhner, Utz and Wachtendorf, Volker and Terberger, Thomas},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e0287719},
	file = {Milks et al. - 2023 - A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from Schöni.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\PVHBVWFR\\Milks et al. - 2023 - A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from Schöni.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@misc{russo_new_2023,
	address = {Sapienza University of Rome, Italy},
	type = {Presentation},
	title = {New evidence for human-lion interactions during the {Middle} {Palaeolithic}},
	url = {https://inquaroma2023.org},
	language = {EN},
	author = {Russo, Gabriele and Milks, Annemieke and Leder, Dirk and Koddenberg, Tim and Darga, Robert and Rosendahl, Wildfried and Terberger, Thomas},
	month = jul,
	year = {2023},
	file = {Abstract INQUA - Cave Lion Russo et al..docx:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\D9975VNI\\Abstract INQUA - Cave Lion Russo et al..docx:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;Russo et al. - 2023 - New evidence for human-lion interactions during th.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\YRIJY5MY\\Russo et al. - 2023 - New evidence for human-lion interactions during th.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{kuqo_use_2023,
	title = {Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the production of geopolymer-bonded wood and seagrass fibreboards},
	volume = {248},
	issn = {1359-8368},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836822007600},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110387},
	abstract = {Mixing lignocellulosic fibres with a mineral binder to produce fibreboards is a challenging process due to their large volume per unit mass and their susceptibility to agglomeration (balling effect). The main objective in the dry mixing-spraying process presented in our study is the uniform distribution of the geopolymer binder in the lignocellulosic material. In this work, we compare the properties of two types of composites processed by implementing the abovementioned technique. Geopolymer-bonded fibreboards were produced using up to 50 wt\% seagrass or wood fibres. Microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography investigations of the geopolymer composites indicated that their mechanical and physical properties depend on the size of incorporated fibres. Large seagrass fibres were appropriately mixed with the mineral binder matrix forming solid fibreboards that were able to reach the standard requirements for cement boards. More specifically, seagrass-based fibreboards exhibit up to 42\% higher bending strength (up to 9.4 MPa) compared to fibreboards composed of wood fibres. In addition, their low thickness swelling and low mean heat release rate in a cone calorimeter (varying from 21.5 to 26.6 kW m−2) indicated a high resistance to water and fire. Considering the resulting properties of the produced fibreboards, the dry-mixing spraying process can be an appropriate technique for producing geopolymer composites containing large amounts of relatively long fibres.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-11-09},
	journal = {Composites Part B: Engineering},
	author = {Kuqo, Aldi and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},
	month = jan,
	year = {2023},
	keywords = {Geopolymer composites, Mechanical testing, Seagrass fibres, Wood fibres, X-ray microtomography},
	pages = {110387},
	file = {Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the product.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\WZAXT4XX\\Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the product.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Mixing lignocellulosic fibres with a mineral binder to produce fibreboards is a challenging process due to their large volume per unit mass and their susceptibility to agglomeration (balling effect). The main objective in the dry mixing-spraying process presented in our study is the uniform distribution of the geopolymer binder in the lignocellulosic material. In this work, we compare the properties of two types of composites processed by implementing the abovementioned technique. Geopolymer-bonded fibreboards were produced using up to 50 wt% seagrass or wood fibres. Microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography investigations of the geopolymer composites indicated that their mechanical and physical properties depend on the size of incorporated fibres. Large seagrass fibres were appropriately mixed with the mineral binder matrix forming solid fibreboards that were able to reach the standard requirements for cement boards. More specifically, seagrass-based fibreboards exhibit up to 42% higher bending strength (up to 9.4 MPa) compared to fibreboards composed of wood fibres. In addition, their low thickness swelling and low mean heat release rate in a cone calorimeter (varying from 21.5 to 26.6 kW m−2) indicated a high resistance to water and fire. Considering the resulting properties of the produced fibreboards, the dry-mixing spraying process can be an appropriate technique for producing geopolymer composites containing large amounts of relatively long fibres.

@article{russo_first_2023,
	title = {First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by {Neanderthals}},
	volume = {13},
	copyright = {2023 Springer Nature Limited},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42764-0},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-42764-0},
	abstract = {During the Upper Paleolithic, lions become an important theme in Paleolithic art and are more frequent in anthropogenic faunal assemblages. However, the relationship between hominins and lions in earlier periods is poorly known and primarily interpreted as interspecies competition. Here we present new evidence for Neanderthal-cave lion interactions during the Middle Paleolithic. We report new evidence of hunting lesions on the 48,000 old cave lion skeleton found at Siegsdorf (Germany) that attest to the earliest direct instance of a large predator kill in human history. A comparative analysis of a partial puncture to a rib suggests that the fatal stab was delivered with a wooden thrusting spear. We also present the discovery of distal lion phalanges at least 190,000 old from Einhornhöhle (Germany), representing the earliest example of the use of cave lion skin by Neanderthals in Central Europe. Our study provides novel evidence on a new dimension of Neanderthal behavioral complexity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-10-12},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Russo, Gabriele and Milks, Annemieke and Leder, Dirk and Koddenberg, Tim and Starkovich, Britt M. and Duval, M. and Zhao, J.-X. and Darga, Robert and Rosendahl, Wilfried and Terberger, Thomas},
	month = oct,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Archaeology, Cultural evolution},
	pages = {16405},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\FP8WZL74\\Russo et al. - 2023 - First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by Neanderthals.pdf:application/pdf},
}

During the Upper Paleolithic, lions become an important theme in Paleolithic art and are more frequent in anthropogenic faunal assemblages. However, the relationship between hominins and lions in earlier periods is poorly known and primarily interpreted as interspecies competition. Here we present new evidence for Neanderthal-cave lion interactions during the Middle Paleolithic. We report new evidence of hunting lesions on the 48,000 old cave lion skeleton found at Siegsdorf (Germany) that attest to the earliest direct instance of a large predator kill in human history. A comparative analysis of a partial puncture to a rib suggests that the fatal stab was delivered with a wooden thrusting spear. We also present the discovery of distal lion phalanges at least 190,000 old from Einhornhöhle (Germany), representing the earliest example of the use of cave lion skin by Neanderthals in Central Europe. Our study provides novel evidence on a new dimension of Neanderthal behavioral complexity.

@inproceedings{buschalsky_light_2023,
	address = {Ås, Norway},
	title = {Light microscopic studies on the variable uptake of impregnation fluids by poplar wood},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},
	author = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Löning, Sophie and Grebe, Anne and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger},
	month = oct,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {172--174},
}

@article{mayer_seagrass-_2022,
	title = {Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards: {A} comparative study in terms of physico-mechanical and structural properties},
	volume = {156},
	issn = {1359835X},
	shorttitle = {Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X22000586},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.106864},
	abstract = {The inclusion and management of local, natural resources in the construction sector are on the rise as a result of the undisputed essentiality of sustainability. This study aims to assess and compare cement-bonded boards containing seagrass fibers (Posidonia oceanica) and pine wood particles (Pinus sylvestris) in terms of their compatibility with cement, their physico-mechanical properties, and their microstructure using X-ray microcomputed tomography and 3D-reflected light microscopy. Seagrass-based cement boards comply with the DIN EN 634 surpassing the stated MOR value of 9 N mm− 2. The thickness swelling of all seagrass-based cement boards was between 0.2 and 1.2\%, indicating a possible outdoor application. The structural characterization and the study of the degree of compatibility showed that the size, geometry, and chemical composition of the lignocellulosic precursors mostly influenced the final properties of the board. Seagrass-based cement boards provide novel possibilities to use new environmentally friendly materials for construction applications.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-11},
	journal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},
	author = {Mayer, Aaron and Kuqo, Aldi and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {106864},
	file = {Kilian Mayer et al. - 2022 - Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards A comparat.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\TNYLXTEZ\\Kilian Mayer et al. - 2022 - Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards A comparat.pdf:application/pdf},
}

The inclusion and management of local, natural resources in the construction sector are on the rise as a result of the undisputed essentiality of sustainability. This study aims to assess and compare cement-bonded boards containing seagrass fibers (Posidonia oceanica) and pine wood particles (Pinus sylvestris) in terms of their compatibility with cement, their physico-mechanical properties, and their microstructure using X-ray microcomputed tomography and 3D-reflected light microscopy. Seagrass-based cement boards comply with the DIN EN 634 surpassing the stated MOR value of 9 N mm− 2. The thickness swelling of all seagrass-based cement boards was between 0.2 and 1.2%, indicating a possible outdoor application. The structural characterization and the study of the degree of compatibility showed that the size, geometry, and chemical composition of the lignocellulosic precursors mostly influenced the final properties of the board. Seagrass-based cement boards provide novel possibilities to use new environmentally friendly materials for construction applications.

@article{stolze_non-destructive_2022,
	title = {Non-{Destructive} {Evaluation} of the {Cutting} {Surface} of {Hardwood} {Finger} {Joints}},
	volume = {22},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	issn = {1424-8220},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3855},
	doi = {10.3390/s22103855},
	abstract = {In this study, the surface parameters wettability, roughness, and adhesive penetration, which are important for wood bonding, were investigated and evaluated utilizing non-destructive methods after different mechanical processing. For this purpose, beech and birch finger joints were prepared with different cutting combinations (three cutters with different sharpness levels and two feed rates) in an industrial process. Effects and interactions on the surface parameters resulting from the different cutting combinations were evaluated using three Full Factorial Designs. The various cutting parameters had a predominantly significant influence on the surface parameters. The effects and identified interactions highlight the complexity of the cutting surface and the importance of wood bonding. In this respect, a new finding is that with sharper cutters, higher contact angles of the adhesives occur. The methods (contact angle measurement, laser scanning microscopy, and brightfield microscopy) used were well suited to make effects visible and quantifiable, which can be of interest for the quality control of the wood processing industry. The results can help to better understand and evaluate the design of wood surfaces via machining and the bonding of hardwoods. Possibly the results can contribute to further standardizing the production of load-bearing hardwood finger joints and making them more efficient.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2022-05-19},
	journal = {Sensors},
	author = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Koddenberg, Tim and Kröger, Jonas and Köhler, Robert and Viöl, Wolfgang and Militz, Holger},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Number: 10
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {roughness, hardwood, wettability, non-destructive evaluation, adhesive penetration, cutting surface, finger-jointing, wood characterization},
	pages = {3855},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\H4WWF56G\\Stolze et al. - 2022 - Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Cutting Surface .pdf:application/pdf;sensors-22-03855.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\J6S2BUM3\\sensors-22-03855.pdf:application/pdf},
}

In this study, the surface parameters wettability, roughness, and adhesive penetration, which are important for wood bonding, were investigated and evaluated utilizing non-destructive methods after different mechanical processing. For this purpose, beech and birch finger joints were prepared with different cutting combinations (three cutters with different sharpness levels and two feed rates) in an industrial process. Effects and interactions on the surface parameters resulting from the different cutting combinations were evaluated using three Full Factorial Designs. The various cutting parameters had a predominantly significant influence on the surface parameters. The effects and identified interactions highlight the complexity of the cutting surface and the importance of wood bonding. In this respect, a new finding is that with sharper cutters, higher contact angles of the adhesives occur. The methods (contact angle measurement, laser scanning microscopy, and brightfield microscopy) used were well suited to make effects visible and quantifiable, which can be of interest for the quality control of the wood processing industry. The results can help to better understand and evaluate the design of wood surfaces via machining and the bonding of hardwoods. Possibly the results can contribute to further standardizing the production of load-bearing hardwood finger joints and making them more efficient.

@techreport{milks_wood_2022,
	type = {preprint},
	title = {Wood technology: a {Glossary} and {Code} for analysis of archaeological wood from stone tool cultures},
	shorttitle = {Wood technology},
	url = {https://osf.io/x8m4j},
	abstract = {The analysis of wood technologies created by stone tool-using cultures remains underdeveloped relative to the study of lithic and bone technologies. In recent years archaeologists have begun to approach wood assemblages systematically, developing macro- and micro-analyses of natural and anthropogenic traces often with the assistance of experimental reference samples. The present a lack of established nomenclature hinders intra-site comparisons. Creating this glossary helps will help advance understanding of the use of wood for technological purposes in different times and places. Clear definitions of terms are useful to avoid confusion in ongoing and future evaluations of the biography of wood artefacts. This glossary and associated code is a first step towards a synthesis and standardisation of analytical terms for early wood technologies, focusing on archaeological assemblages from cultures that used stone tools. References and further reading support the selection of terms, and also provide a bibliography of the field of wood technology. This glossary is organised within a chaîne opératoire framework, and is complemented by a developing appendix of images. As a referenced synthesis, it relies on the collective expertise of the authors alongside that of the many cited researchers who have published in the fields of wood science and prehistoric archaeological wood artefacts.},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2022-05-16},
	institution = {Open Science Framework},
	author = {Milks, Annemieke Giselle and Lehmann, Jens and Böhner, Utz and Leder, Dirk and Koddenberg, Tim and Sietz, Michael and Vogel, Matthias and Terberger, Thomas},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.31219/osf.io/x8m4j},
	pages = {62},
	file = {Eingereichte Version:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\NTM6VIYL\\Milks et al. - 2021 - Wood technology a Glossary and Code for analysis .pdf:application/pdf},
}

The analysis of wood technologies created by stone tool-using cultures remains underdeveloped relative to the study of lithic and bone technologies. In recent years archaeologists have begun to approach wood assemblages systematically, developing macro- and micro-analyses of natural and anthropogenic traces often with the assistance of experimental reference samples. The present a lack of established nomenclature hinders intra-site comparisons. Creating this glossary helps will help advance understanding of the use of wood for technological purposes in different times and places. Clear definitions of terms are useful to avoid confusion in ongoing and future evaluations of the biography of wood artefacts. This glossary and associated code is a first step towards a synthesis and standardisation of analytical terms for early wood technologies, focusing on archaeological assemblages from cultures that used stone tools. References and further reading support the selection of terms, and also provide a bibliography of the field of wood technology. This glossary is organised within a chaîne opératoire framework, and is complemented by a developing appendix of images. As a referenced synthesis, it relies on the collective expertise of the authors alongside that of the many cited researchers who have published in the fields of wood science and prehistoric archaeological wood artefacts.

@article{koddenberg_properties_2022,
	title = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 1: anatomical and colourimetric characteristics},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {1437-434X},
	shorttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 1},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0186/html},
	doi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0186},
	abstract = {Bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.) native to Central America has been known as dye source since the prehistoric times by the Maya. Nowadays, bloodwood is increasingly used for plantations but its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance. The reason is seen in lacking knowledge of its properties. To expand that knowledge, this Part 1 of the two-part study series investigated the anatomy and the discolouration due to leaching of heartwood of H. campechianum . Anatomical characteristics were described qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Detailed wood anatomical data are presented, together with numerical analyses of cell parameters. Apart from wood anatomy, colourimetric analyses were obtained after 10 leaching cycles. The colour change of the wood due to water exposure was determined measuring in CIE L * a * b * colour system. In addition, the extinction of the leachate was determined spectrophotometrically after each leaching cycle. The resulting colour change was evaluated according to colour change after each cycle. The most prominent change in colour was observed for the first cycle due to leaching. Because of the extensive leaching of extractives, further investigation might address the effect of leaching of water-soluble extractives on adhesion properties of bloodwood.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2022-05-03},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim and Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Kick, Annika B. E.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter},
	keywords = {leaching, anatomy, microscopy, colourimetry, dyewood},
	pages = {330--338},
	file = {Koddenberg et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum camp.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\Q5C65HWB\\Koddenberg et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum camp.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.) native to Central America has been known as dye source since the prehistoric times by the Maya. Nowadays, bloodwood is increasingly used for plantations but its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance. The reason is seen in lacking knowledge of its properties. To expand that knowledge, this Part 1 of the two-part study series investigated the anatomy and the discolouration due to leaching of heartwood of H. campechianum . Anatomical characteristics were described qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Detailed wood anatomical data are presented, together with numerical analyses of cell parameters. Apart from wood anatomy, colourimetric analyses were obtained after 10 leaching cycles. The colour change of the wood due to water exposure was determined measuring in CIE L * a * b * colour system. In addition, the extinction of the leachate was determined spectrophotometrically after each leaching cycle. The resulting colour change was evaluated according to colour change after each cycle. The most prominent change in colour was observed for the first cycle due to leaching. Because of the extensive leaching of extractives, further investigation might address the effect of leaching of water-soluble extractives on adhesion properties of bloodwood.

@article{brischke_properties_2022,
	title = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 2: moisture performance and biological durability},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {1437-434X},
	shorttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 2},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0187/html},
	doi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0187},
	abstract = {Haematoxylum campechianum is most prevalently used as dyewood; its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance, which might be due to lacking data about its technological properties. Therefore, small specimens were cut from H. campechianum stems from plantations in the lowlands of the Usumacinta delta in Mexico. The latter were subjected to laboratory decay and moisture studies. Water vapour sorption, liquid water uptake, and swelling of H. campechianum appeared much lower in comparison with most European grown wood species and similar to tropical hardwoods such as Tectona grandis . After removal of water-soluble ingredients, water vapour sorption of H. campechianum specimens further decreased, which assigned such ingredients a somewhat hydrophilic character. Mean mass losses (ML) due to decay by white, brown, and soft rot fungi in laboratory tests were \<5\%. On the basis of a dose-response model, wetting ability factors and ML values from decay tests predicted an outdoor performance similar to T. grandis and Intsia bijuga . Based on this preliminary property profile, H. campechianum can be recommended for both outdoor (e.g. fencing, outdoor decking, railing) and indoor applications (e.g. flooring, manufacturing of furniture, wall and ceiling panels, decoration artwork).},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2022-05-03},
	journal = {Holzforschung},
	author = {Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Koddenberg, Tim and Kick, Annika E. B.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: De Gruyter},
	keywords = {durability class, sorption isotherm, moisture performance, dyewood, logwood},
	pages = {339--347},
	file = {Brischke et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\A6NLMU7Z\\Brischke et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum .pdf:application/pdf},
}

Haematoxylum campechianum is most prevalently used as dyewood; its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance, which might be due to lacking data about its technological properties. Therefore, small specimens were cut from H. campechianum stems from plantations in the lowlands of the Usumacinta delta in Mexico. The latter were subjected to laboratory decay and moisture studies. Water vapour sorption, liquid water uptake, and swelling of H. campechianum appeared much lower in comparison with most European grown wood species and similar to tropical hardwoods such as Tectona grandis . After removal of water-soluble ingredients, water vapour sorption of H. campechianum specimens further decreased, which assigned such ingredients a somewhat hydrophilic character. Mean mass losses (ML) due to decay by white, brown, and soft rot fungi in laboratory tests were <5%. On the basis of a dose-response model, wetting ability factors and ML values from decay tests predicted an outdoor performance similar to T. grandis and Intsia bijuga . Based on this preliminary property profile, H. campechianum can be recommended for both outdoor (e.g. fencing, outdoor decking, railing) and indoor applications (e.g. flooring, manufacturing of furniture, wall and ceiling panels, decoration artwork).

@article{liu_biomimetic_2022,
	title = {Biomimetic confined self-assembly of chitin nanocrystals},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {17480132},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1748013222000470},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101420},
	abstract = {It is a longstanding challenge to aptly describe the natural assembly process of chitin Bouligand organi­ zation as well as biomimetic construct these position-dependent structures with the isolated chitin na­ nodomains. Here, we report a fixed-boundary evaporation-induced self-assembly (FB-EISA) modality using chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) in the capillaries, where the generation of continuous and ordered anisotropic phase relies on the growth of phase boundary towards the opposite direction of water evaporation. Distinct from the previous EISA modalities with the moving evaporation interface, the pinned air-liquid interface at the end of capillaries in a confined environment acts as the evaporation interface and initial deposition site of ChNCs simultaneously. During the whole self-assembly process via successive evaporation, the genera­ tion of droplets-like ChNCs clusters known as tactoids is suppressed. Therefore, continuous birefringent multi-layers as nested multiple paraboloid structures of ChNCs with a density gradient are gradually generated, before cylindrical tubes are formed finally. The FB-EISA process can be accelerated by heat and maintains stable regardless of vibration or different capillary opening directions relative to gravity direc­ tion. This FB-EISA modality in confined geometry allows rapid formation of ChNCs-based photonics-quality structure of larger length scales and enables us to deepen our understanding of the natural self-assembly process in diverse biological species.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-02},
	journal = {Nano Today},
	author = {Liu, Peiwen and Wang, Jiaxiu and Qi, Houjuan and Koddenberg, Tim and Xu, Dan and Liu, Siyuan and Zhang, Kai},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {101420},
	file = {Liu et al. - 2022 - Biomimetic confined self-assembly of chitin nanocr.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\VRXG2QVP\\Liu et al. - 2022 - Biomimetic confined self-assembly of chitin nanocr.pdf:application/pdf},
}

It is a longstanding challenge to aptly describe the natural assembly process of chitin Bouligand organi­ zation as well as biomimetic construct these position-dependent structures with the isolated chitin na­ nodomains. Here, we report a fixed-boundary evaporation-induced self-assembly (FB-EISA) modality using chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) in the capillaries, where the generation of continuous and ordered anisotropic phase relies on the growth of phase boundary towards the opposite direction of water evaporation. Distinct from the previous EISA modalities with the moving evaporation interface, the pinned air-liquid interface at the end of capillaries in a confined environment acts as the evaporation interface and initial deposition site of ChNCs simultaneously. During the whole self-assembly process via successive evaporation, the genera­ tion of droplets-like ChNCs clusters known as tactoids is suppressed. Therefore, continuous birefringent multi-layers as nested multiple paraboloid structures of ChNCs with a density gradient are gradually generated, before cylindrical tubes are formed finally. The FB-EISA process can be accelerated by heat and maintains stable regardless of vibration or different capillary opening directions relative to gravity direc­ tion. This FB-EISA modality in confined geometry allows rapid formation of ChNCs-based photonics-quality structure of larger length scales and enables us to deepen our understanding of the natural self-assembly process in diverse biological species.

@inproceedings{buschalsky_structural_2022,
	address = {Sopron, Hungary},
	title = {Structural characterisation of the variable impregnation of poplar wood},
	isbn = {978-963-334-446-0},
	language = {EN},
	booktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},
	publisher = {University of Sopron Press},
	author = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Löning, Sophie and Militz, Holger and Koddenberg, Tim},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {28--36},
}

@article{koddenberg_three-dimensional_2021,
	title = {Three-dimensional imaging of xylem at cell wall level through near field nano holotomography},
	volume = {11},
	copyright = {2021 The Author(s)},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83885-8},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-83885-8},
	abstract = {Detailed imaging of the three-dimensionally complex architecture of xylary plants is important for studying biological and mechanical functions of woody plants. Apart from common two-dimensional microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography has been established as a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for studying the hydraulic function of wooden plants. However, this X-ray imaging method can barely reach the resolution needed to see the minute structures (e.g. pit membrane). To complement the xylem structure with 3D views at the nanoscale level, X-ray near-field nano-holotomography (NFH) was applied to analyze the wood species Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica. The demanded small specimens required focused ion beam (FIB) application. The FIB milling, however, influenced the image quality through gallium implantation on the cell-wall surfaces. The measurements indicated that NFH is appropriate for imaging wood at nanometric resolution. With a 26 nm voxel pitch, the structure of the cell-wall surface in Pinus sylvestris could be visualized in genuine detail. In wood of Fagus sylvatica, the structure of a pit pair, including the pit membrane, between two neighboring fibrous cells could be traced tomographically.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-02-25},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim and Greving, Imke and Hagemann, Johannes and Flenner, Silja and Krause, Andreas and Laipple, Daniel and Klein, Kim C. and Schmitt, Uwe and Schuster, Max and Wolf, Andreas and Seifert, Maria and Ludwig, Veronika and Funk, Stefan and Militz, Holger and Nopens, Martin},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	pages = {4574},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\RKLG3KJE\\Koddenberg et al. - 2021 - Three-dimensional imaging of xylem at cell wall le.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\ZWEWZCCI\\s41598-021-83885-8.html:text/html},
}

Detailed imaging of the three-dimensionally complex architecture of xylary plants is important for studying biological and mechanical functions of woody plants. Apart from common two-dimensional microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography has been established as a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for studying the hydraulic function of wooden plants. However, this X-ray imaging method can barely reach the resolution needed to see the minute structures (e.g. pit membrane). To complement the xylem structure with 3D views at the nanoscale level, X-ray near-field nano-holotomography (NFH) was applied to analyze the wood species Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica. The demanded small specimens required focused ion beam (FIB) application. The FIB milling, however, influenced the image quality through gallium implantation on the cell-wall surfaces. The measurements indicated that NFH is appropriate for imaging wood at nanometric resolution. With a 26 nm voxel pitch, the structure of the cell-wall surface in Pinus sylvestris could be visualized in genuine detail. In wood of Fagus sylvatica, the structure of a pit pair, including the pit membrane, between two neighboring fibrous cells could be traced tomographically.

@article{leder_51000-year-old_2021,
	title = {A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals {Neanderthals}’ capacity for symbolic behaviour},
	issn = {2397-334X},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01487-z},
	doi = {10.1038/s41559-021-01487-z},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-07-06},
	journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution},
	author = {Leder, Dirk and Hermann, Raphael and Hüls, Matthias and Russo, Gabriele and Hoelzmann, Philipp and Nielbock, Ralf and Böhner, Utz and Lehmann, Jens and Meier, Michael and Schwalb, Antje and Tröller-Reimer, Andrea and Koddenberg, Tim and Terberger, Thomas},
	month = jul,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {10},
	file = {Leder et al. - 2021 - A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neandertha.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\GRG9IGTN\\Leder et al. - 2021 - A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neandertha.pdf:application/pdf;Leder et al. - 2021 - A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neandertha.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\N6Y466T5\\Leder et al. - 2021 - A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neandertha.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{leder_publisher_2021,
	title = {Publisher {Correction}: {A} 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals {Neanderthals}’ capacity for symbolic behaviour},
	volume = {5},
	copyright = {2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
	issn = {2397-334X},
	shorttitle = {Publisher {Correction}},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01537-6},
	doi = {10.1038/s41559-021-01537-6},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2021-11-17},
	journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution},
	author = {Leder, Dirk and Hermann, Raphael and Hüls, Matthias and Russo, Gabriele and Hoelzmann, Philipp and Nielbock, Ralf and Böhner, Utz and Lehmann, Jens and Meier, Michael and Schwalb, Antje and Tröller-Reimer, Andrea and Koddenberg, Tim and Terberger, Thomas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Bandiera\_abtest: a
Cg\_type: Nature Research Journals
Number: 9
Primary\_atype: Amendments and Corrections
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Subject\_term: Archaeology
Subject\_term\_id: archaeology},
	keywords = {Archaeology},
	pages = {1320--1320},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\GTFI63JI\\Leder et al. - 2021 - Publisher Correction A 51,000-year-old engraved b.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\HBG7NM9B\\s41559-021-01537-6.html:text/html},
}

@article{wentzel_anatomical_2020,
	title = {Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified {Eucalyptus} nitens wood in an open and closed reactor system},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1748-0272},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},
	doi = {10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},
	abstract = {Eucalyptus nitens specimens were thermally modified under open and closed systems. The anatomical characteristics from selected modifications that presented similar mass losses were investigated by analyzing images taken from scanning electron microscopy, transmission light microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Wood cell wall thickness, fiber, and lumen area were measured and compared to unmodified specimens, and the crack formation after modification was also analyzed. There was only a slight decrease in the measured characteristics when compared to unmodified specimens. The wood cell wall thickness was less affected than the fiber and lumen areas, and both modifications presented similar crack formations. Overall, there were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in the anatomical structure.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-07-31},
	journal = {Wood Material Science \& Engineering},
	author = {Wentzel, Maximilian and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},
	keywords = {thermal modification, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Eucalyptus, heat-treatment, reactor system, Thermal modification, Wood anatomy, X-ray computed microtomography, XµCT, image analysis, microCT, wood anatomy, Eucalyptus nitens},
	pages = {223--228},
	file = {Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\XNTBQQ2B\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:application/pdf;Wentzel et al. - 2020 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\7WUWMTTC\\Wentzel et al. - 2020 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Eucalyptus nitens specimens were thermally modified under open and closed systems. The anatomical characteristics from selected modifications that presented similar mass losses were investigated by analyzing images taken from scanning electron microscopy, transmission light microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Wood cell wall thickness, fiber, and lumen area were measured and compared to unmodified specimens, and the crack formation after modification was also analyzed. There was only a slight decrease in the measured characteristics when compared to unmodified specimens. The wood cell wall thickness was less affected than the fiber and lumen areas, and both modifications presented similar crack formations. Overall, there were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in the anatomical structure.

@article{softje_chemistry_2020,
	title = {Chemistry and {Spectroscopy} of {Renewable} {Materials}, {Part} 2: {Investigation} of {Suitably} {Esterified} {Wood} {Regarding} {Penetration} and {Distribution} of the {Chemically} {Modifying} {Reagent} by {Means} of {High}-{Resolution} {3D} {Computed} {Tomography}},
	volume = {8},
	shorttitle = {Chemistry and {Spectroscopy} of {Renewable} {Materials}, {Part} 2},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01574},
	doi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01574},
	abstract = {For both economic reasons and increased environmental awareness, the covalent modification of wood is becoming increasingly important. For that purpose, the application of benzotriazolyl-activated carboxylic acids provides an extremely effective and environmentally friendly method for this type of durable wood modification. High-resolution microcomputed tomography images were taken of pine wood blocks esterified with an activated p-bromobenzoic acid in order to get a deeper insight into the penetration behavior of the reagents into the wood structure. The tomographic investigations allowed the analysis of the bound reagent at two different tomographic resolutions. At low resolution (14 μm voxel size), highly modified regions were observed near the sample surface at the macroscopic level, while the modification had decreased in intensity inward. At high resolution (1 μm voxel size), detailed visualizations at the microscopic level revealed that the modifying reagents penetrate the earlywood completely (near the sample surface), while the latewood revealed regions of higher and lower intensity of modification of the outer cell walls. This observation provides information on the distribution pattern of the modifying reagent in latewood. In detail, the tomographic images highlighted that wood rays and resin canals are pathway traits for the modifying reagents to locally penetrate deeper into the wood tissue, in particular from earlywood into latewood. We demonstrated that the use of various resolutions contributes to the three-dimensional examination of modified wood from the macroscopic level toward the microscopic level. Thereby, we revealed boundaries of the use of XμCT (e.g., voxel contrast) that researchers should be aware of.},
	number = {19},
	urldate = {2020-05-25},
	journal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \& Engineering},
	author = {Söftje, Martin and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger and Drafz, Martin H. H. and Namyslo, Jan C. and Kaufmann, Dieter E.},
	month = may,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: American Chemical Society},
	keywords = {XµCT, image analysis, Bromine, Conifer wood, Wood protection},
	pages = {7353--7358},
	file = {ACS Full Text Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\U9FYMQB9\\acssuschemeng.html:text/html;ascecg.2020.8.issue-19.largecover.jpeg:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\WHKFK6C4\\ascecg.2020.8.issue-19.largecover.jpeg:image/jpeg;Söftje et al. - 2020 - Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Renewable Materials,.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\QQ22TXE9\\Söftje et al. - 2020 - Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Renewable Materials,.pdf:application/pdf},
}

For both economic reasons and increased environmental awareness, the covalent modification of wood is becoming increasingly important. For that purpose, the application of benzotriazolyl-activated carboxylic acids provides an extremely effective and environmentally friendly method for this type of durable wood modification. High-resolution microcomputed tomography images were taken of pine wood blocks esterified with an activated p-bromobenzoic acid in order to get a deeper insight into the penetration behavior of the reagents into the wood structure. The tomographic investigations allowed the analysis of the bound reagent at two different tomographic resolutions. At low resolution (14 μm voxel size), highly modified regions were observed near the sample surface at the macroscopic level, while the modification had decreased in intensity inward. At high resolution (1 μm voxel size), detailed visualizations at the microscopic level revealed that the modifying reagents penetrate the earlywood completely (near the sample surface), while the latewood revealed regions of higher and lower intensity of modification of the outer cell walls. This observation provides information on the distribution pattern of the modifying reagent in latewood. In detail, the tomographic images highlighted that wood rays and resin canals are pathway traits for the modifying reagents to locally penetrate deeper into the wood tissue, in particular from earlywood into latewood. We demonstrated that the use of various resolutions contributes to the three-dimensional examination of modified wood from the macroscopic level toward the microscopic level. Thereby, we revealed boundaries of the use of XμCT (e.g., voxel contrast) that researchers should be aware of.

@article{koddenberg_three-dimensional_2020,
	title = {Three-{Dimensional} {Exploration} of {Soft}-{Rot} {Decayed} {Conifer} and {Angiosperm} {Wood} by {X}-{Ray} {Micro}-{Computed} {Tomography}},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {0968-4328},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432819304214},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2020.102875},
	abstract = {X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) was used to explore the decomposed structure of conifer and angiosperm wood after colonization by soft-rot fungi. The visualization of degradation features of soft-rot decay was challenging to achieve through XμCT. Difficulties in visualization emerged due to a decreased grayscale contrast (i.e. X-ray density) of the degraded wood. Nevertheless, we were able to image fungal-induced cell deformations in earlywood and cavities in the thick wall of latewood cells in three-dimensions (3D). Unlike the organic wood material, the higher X-ray density of inorganic deposits, identified as mainly calcium-based particles by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, allowed a facilitated 3D survey. The visualization of inorganic particles in 3D revealed a localized distribution in certain cells in conifer and angiosperm found mostly in earlywood.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-04-29},
	journal = {Micron},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim and Zauner, Michaela and Militz, Holger},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-computed tomography, XµCT, image analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Inorganic particles, Soft-rot decay, Wood},
	pages = {102875},
	file = {Koddenberg et al. - 2020 - Three-Dimensional Exploration of Soft-Rot Decayed .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\QUCBDPL7\\Koddenberg et al. - 2020 - Three-Dimensional Exploration of Soft-Rot Decayed .pdf:application/pdf},
}

X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) was used to explore the decomposed structure of conifer and angiosperm wood after colonization by soft-rot fungi. The visualization of degradation features of soft-rot decay was challenging to achieve through XμCT. Difficulties in visualization emerged due to a decreased grayscale contrast (i.e. X-ray density) of the degraded wood. Nevertheless, we were able to image fungal-induced cell deformations in earlywood and cavities in the thick wall of latewood cells in three-dimensions (3D). Unlike the organic wood material, the higher X-ray density of inorganic deposits, identified as mainly calcium-based particles by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, allowed a facilitated 3D survey. The visualization of inorganic particles in 3D revealed a localized distribution in certain cells in conifer and angiosperm found mostly in earlywood.

@inproceedings{koddenberg_rem_2019,
	address = {Dresden, Germany},
	title = {{REM} und µ{CT}-{Aufnahmen} von {Holz} nach {Pilzbefall} im {Labortest} - {Erste} {Ergebnisse}},
	language = {deutsch},
	booktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim and Zauner, Michaela and Militz, Holger},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {115--125},
	file = {Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - REM und µCT-Aufnahmen von Holz nach Pilzbefall im .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\FTWS3646\\Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - REM und µCT-Aufnahmen von Holz nach Pilzbefall im .pdf:application/pdf;Presentation_Holzschutztagung 2019.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\SHIKGKWZ\\Presentation_Holzschutztagung 2019.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{koddenberg_tomographic_2019,
	title = {Tomographic analysis of siliceous particulates in {Australian} turpentine wood ({Syncarpia} glomulifera) through {X}-ray micro-computed tomography},
	volume = {117},
	issn = {09684328},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432818302774},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2018.10.006},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-11-15},
	journal = {Micron},
	author = {Koddenberg, T. and Krause, K. C. and Krause, A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Image analysis, Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Silica particles, Turpentine wood},
	pages = {22--28},
	file = {Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Tomographic analysis of siliceous particulates in .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\CDAVSW2P\\Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Tomographic analysis of siliceous particulates in .pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{koddenberg_three-dimensional_2019,
	address = {Göttingen},
	edition = {1st},
	series = {Dissertation, {University} of {Goettingen}},
	title = {Three-{Dimensional} {X}-{Ray} {Micro}-{Computed} {Tomography} {Imaging} for {Applications} to the {Structural} {Characterization} of {Wood}},
	isbn = {978-3-96548-059-9},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Sierke Verlag},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim},
	year = {2019},
}

@article{krause_resistance_2019,
	title = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1: {New} {Insights} on the {Test} {Procedure}, {Structural} {Alterations}, and {Impact} of {Wood} {Source}},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	shorttitle = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/7/10/92},
	doi = {10.3390/fib7100092},
	abstract = {In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel\® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood\–PP specimens with a wood content of 60\% or 70\% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45\% and 29 to 73\%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7\% and 5.3\%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2019-10-24},
	journal = {Fibers},
	author = {Krause, Kim Christian and Brischke, Christian and Koddenberg, Tim and Buschalsky, Andreas and Militz, Holger and Krause, Andreas},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {durability test, WPC, basidiomycetes, EN 15534-1, mechanical properties, wood–moisture interaction, wood–polypropylene composites, x-ray micro-computed tomography},
	pages = {92},
	file = {Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\LWIUKSB8\\Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:application/pdf},
}

In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.

@article{koddenberg_volumetric_2019,
	title = {Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in {Pinus} sylvestris based on {X}-ray tomography and light microscopy imaging},
	volume = {124},
	issn = {0968-4328},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096843281930109X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102704},
	abstract = {Bordered pits are a major determinant for the hydraulic function of wood tissues. Unlike microscopic imaging (e.g. light and electron microscopy) that is constrained to two-dimensional (2D) information, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) contributes to three-dimensional (3D) analysis. This advantage was used to estimate the volume of bordered pits in Pinus sylvestris. The 3D data obtained by XμCT were compared with two mathematical models (ellipsoid model and spherical cap model) using 2D data obtained by transmission light microscopy and XμCT. The findings of this study showed that the volume approximation using the ellipsoid model revealed values close to the volumes, which were three-dimensionally obtained by XμCT. This trend, however, is more pronounced for pits in earlywood than in latewood. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that microscopic images can also be used for the approximation of pit volumes to some extent. Researchers should be aware of limitations that come with the 3D method (e.g. resolution, image analysis) and 2D method (unknown location of the section in the pit) as well as the natural variation of the pit morphology.},
	urldate = {2019-07-24},
	journal = {Micron},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim and Wentzel, Maximilian and Militz, Holger},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Bordered pit, Image analysis, Pit volume, Three-dimensional imaging, Transmission light microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography},
	pages = {102704},
	file = {Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in Pinus sylv.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\5YW2MKUS\\Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in Pinus sylv.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Bordered pits are a major determinant for the hydraulic function of wood tissues. Unlike microscopic imaging (e.g. light and electron microscopy) that is constrained to two-dimensional (2D) information, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) contributes to three-dimensional (3D) analysis. This advantage was used to estimate the volume of bordered pits in Pinus sylvestris. The 3D data obtained by XμCT were compared with two mathematical models (ellipsoid model and spherical cap model) using 2D data obtained by transmission light microscopy and XμCT. The findings of this study showed that the volume approximation using the ellipsoid model revealed values close to the volumes, which were three-dimensionally obtained by XμCT. This trend, however, is more pronounced for pits in earlywood than in latewood. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that microscopic images can also be used for the approximation of pit volumes to some extent. Researchers should be aware of limitations that come with the 3D method (e.g. resolution, image analysis) and 2D method (unknown location of the section in the pit) as well as the natural variation of the pit morphology.

@article{krause_utilization_2018,
	title = {Utilization of {Recycled} {Material} {Sources} for {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites}: {Effect} on {Internal} {Composite} {Structure}, {Particle} {Characteristics} and {Physico}-{Mechanical} {Properties}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2079-6439},
	shorttitle = {Utilization of {Recycled} {Material} {Sources} for {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites}},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/4/86},
	doi = {10.3390/fib6040086},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-11-12},
	journal = {Fibers},
	author = {Krause, K. C. and Sauerbier, P. and Koddenberg, T. and Krause, A.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {86},
	file = {Krause et al. - 2018 - Utilization of Recycled Material Sources for Wood-.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\QI5RRB47\\Krause et al. - 2018 - Utilization of Recycled Material Sources for Wood-.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{koddenberg_morphological_2018,
	title = {Morphological imaging and quantification of axial xylem tissue in {Fraxinus} excelsior {L}. through {X}-ray micro-computed tomography},
	volume = {111},
	issn = {09684328},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432818300386},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.004},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2018-07-17},
	journal = {Micron},
	author = {Koddenberg, T. and Militz, H.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Xylem morphology},
	pages = {28--35},
	file = {Koddenberg und Militz - 2018 - Morphological imaging and quantification of axial .pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\9EZ3MPP9\\Koddenberg und Militz - 2018 - Morphological imaging and quantification of axial .pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{korte_wood_2018,
	title = {Wood nails to fix softwoods: characterization of structural deformation and lignin modification},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},
	shorttitle = {Wood nails to fix softwoods},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-018-1288-x},
	doi = {10.1007/s00107-018-1288-x},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2018-04-23},
	journal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},
	author = {Korte, H. and Koch, G. and Krause, K. C. and Koddenberg, T. and Siemers, S.},
	month = may,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {979--988},
	file = {Korte et al. - 2018 - Wood nails to fix softwoods characterization of s.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\SNVE9CS3\\Korte et al. - 2018 - Wood nails to fix softwoods characterization of s.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{bastani_study_2016,
	title = {Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and {X}-ray micro-computed tomography},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {01437496},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143749616300811},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.04.006},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2017-01-18},
	journal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},
	author = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koddenberg, T. and Militz, H.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {351--358},
	file = {Bastani (2016) Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\948T8I2D\\Bastani (2016) Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{wimmer_3d_2015,
	title = {{3D} {Printing} and {Wood}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {2069- 7430},
	abstract = {Interest in 3D printing has greatly increased since 2013. With 3D printing high part complexity at no additional costs can be achieved, beside of efficiently using the raw material. This article reviews recent developments in 3D printing, with respect to the use of wood. Three examples are given on how wood could come to 3D printing: development of bio-based filaments, printing wood-like 3D objects, and perform „self-replication” of wood by combining 3D printing with microtomography. Bio-based printing filaments require extremely fine wood powder, to ensure a homogenious printing process without nozzle-blocking. The wood-like appearance seems to be of higher priority than the wood-based content as such. The wood „self-replication” is a new approach fostering bio-inspired materials research and biomimetics. Wood-related 3D will certainly have a future, but will most likely occupy „niche market” for e.g. complex-shaped wood products.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {PRO LIGNO},
	author = {Wimmer, R and Steyrer, B and Woess, J and Koddenberg, T and Mundigler, N},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {3D printer, additive manufacturing, bio-inspired materials, biomimetics, biopolymer, filament, self-replication, templating},
	pages = {144--149},
	file = {R. Wimmer et al. - 2015 - 3D Printing and Wood.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\VGRU4Z9A\\R. Wimmer et al. - 2015 - 3D Printing and Wood.pdf:application/pdf},
}

Interest in 3D printing has greatly increased since 2013. With 3D printing high part complexity at no additional costs can be achieved, beside of efficiently using the raw material. This article reviews recent developments in 3D printing, with respect to the use of wood. Three examples are given on how wood could come to 3D printing: development of bio-based filaments, printing wood-like 3D objects, and perform „self-replication” of wood by combining 3D printing with microtomography. Bio-based printing filaments require extremely fine wood powder, to ensure a homogenious printing process without nozzle-blocking. The wood-like appearance seems to be of higher priority than the wood-based content as such. The wood „self-replication” is a new approach fostering bio-inspired materials research and biomimetics. Wood-related 3D will certainly have a future, but will most likely occupy „niche market” for e.g. complex-shaped wood products.

@techreport{koddenberg_anwendung_2013,
	address = {Göttingen},
	type = {Masterarbeit},
	title = {Anwendung der μ{CT}-{Technik} zur  {Untersuchung} des {Holzabbaus} durch {Braun}- und {Weißfäulepilze} in {Kiefernholz}},
	language = {de},
	institution = {Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie der Georg- August Universität Göttingen Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {132},
	file = {Koddenberg - 2013 - Anwendung der μCT-Technik zur  Untersuchung des Holzabbaus durch Braun- und Weißfäulepilze in Kiefernholz.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\T3U4ZXKY\\Koddenberg - 2013 - Anwendung der μCT-Technik zur  Untersuchung des Holzabbaus durch Braun- und Weißfäulepilze in Kiefernholz.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@techreport{koddenberg_erkennung_2011,
	address = {Göttingen},
	type = {Projektarbeit},
	title = {Erkennung von {Holzschäden} in {Strom}- und {Telegraphenmasten} mittels elektrischer {Widerstandstomographie}},
	language = {de},
	institution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte},
	author = {Koddenberg, Tim},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Projektleiter: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz
Betreuerin: Dr. Antje Gellerich},
	file = {Koddenberg - 2011 - Erkennung von Holzschäden in Strom- und Telegraphe.pdf:C\:\\Users\\Eva\\Zotero\\storage\\2RW6YC63\\Koddenberg - 2011 - Erkennung von Holzschäden in Strom- und Telegraphe.pdf:application/pdf},
}